Modular Mass Timber for Housing Construction

Abstract

This research aims to understand the intricacies deploying mass timber as an element of modular construction, and their potential integration into the housing market. However, the successful implementation of Modular Mass Timber (MMT) depends on understanding the complex interplay of technical, economic, and managerial factors. This research aims to identify, evaluate, and model the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that influence MMT adoption in housing projects in the United States. A multi-method approach was employed, combining a systematic literature review and semi-structured expert interviews to collect qualitative and contextual data. Fifteen CSFs were identified, seven from the literature and eight additional factors from expert insights. The interrelationships among these factors were analyzed using Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM), supported by MICMAC analysis to classify factors based on their driving and dependence powers. The resulting hierarchical framework reveals sustainability and logistics as dominant drivers, with time, quality, and efficiency serving as foundational operational enablers. The study further develops a strategic implementation guide to assist developers, designers, manufacturers, and policymakers in prioritizing interventions, optimizing resources, and improving project outcomes. Overall, the findings advance theoretical understanding by providing a structured, system-level view of CSFs for MMT adoption and offer practical insights to facilitate scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable housing solutions.